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In the 1930s, Heinrich established an accident prevention theory that included two fundamental tenets: (1) the ratio of lower to higher severity incidents presents in the form of a “safety-triangle” and (2) similar causes underlie both high and low severity events. Although used extensively to inform public policy and establishment-level health and safety priorities and activities, recent research challenges the validity of the two tenets. This study explored the validity of the first tenet, the existence of the safety triangle, by evaluating more than 25,000 mines over a 13-year time period.
This study answers: (1) Are an increased number of lower severity incidents at an establishment significantly associated with the probability of a fatal event over time?; (2) At the mine level, do the effects of occupational health and safety incidents on the probability of a fatality over time decrease as the degree of severity decreases, thereby taking the form of a triangle?; and (3) Do distinct methods for delineating incidents by severity affect the existence of the safety triangle form? These questions are answered and the impact on policymakers and mine operators are discussed.
About the Speakers
Dr. Susan Moore joined the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in 2006 with her B.S. in mechanical engineering from the University of Kentucky and her Ph.D. in bioengineering from the University of Pittsburgh. While at NIOSH, Dr. Moore has conducted, led, or directed research and technology development related to musculoskeletal disorders, machine safety, prevention of catastrophic events, technologies to support self-escape and rescue, injury surveillance, health and safety management systems, personal protective technology (PPT) storage conditions, and PPT conformity assessment practices and approaches. In her current role as a Senior Scientist with NIOSH’s National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory, she provides strategic, operation, and scientific leadership to improve PPT effectiveness.
Dr. Pat Yorio received a Ph.D. from the School of Research Methodology at the University of Pittsburgh in 2014. He has over fifteen years of experience in private consulting, academic teaching, and research. He has published empirical and theory building articles with a focus on deriving organizational, programmatic, and policy solutions to pressing issues in occupational safety and health. Dr. Yorio currently works for NIOSH’s National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory where he designs, directs, and implements research related to personal protective technologies. He also sits on the editorial board of the Academy of Management Journal of Learning and Education and serves as an adjunct biostatistician with the University of Pittsburgh’s School of Medicine.
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