By Camille Erickson

February 6, 2021 - A Powder River Basin coal mine has closed down for the first time in modern history. At the end of January, Decker Coal ceased mining in Montana after the owner of the mine filed for bankruptcy late last year, according to court documents.

Decker continues to ship coal from the mine in southeast Montana, but is not mining new coal, Moira Davin, of Montana's Department of Environmental Quality, told The Billings Gazette on Friday. DEQ has staff reviewing mine operations regularly.

Cleanup funding for Decker mine isn't in doubt, Davin confirmed. Montana has secured $126.4 million in bonds payable to the state for cleanup. That money isn't vulnerable to the bankruptcy outcome of mine owner Lighthouse Resources or its subsidiary Decker Coal.

DEQ has recently reviewed Decker mine's reclamation plan and considers the established plan adequate for cleaning up the mine site with the $126.4 million bond, which the state controls. The cost of the cleanup might actually be less than the bond, Davin said, because Decker hasn't disturbed as much ground as the cleanup plan covers.

Home to some of the world’s largest mines, the Powder River Basin is the epicenter for coal production in the country. But a dramatic decline in thermal coal demand has left many companies in trouble.

Coal firm Lighthouse Resources owns the Decker mine in Montana's Big Horn County, just north of Wyoming’s border. A majority of the mine's workers live in Wyoming. The parent company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in December, citing dismal market conditions for coal. Continuing to operate the surface coal mine was no longer economically feasible, it stated in court filings.

But before the doors of the Decker coal mine officially shutter for good, the company needs to clean up the mining site and settle outstanding obligations to its workers. A battle over the details is now playing out in federal bankruptcy court.
Bid to shed worker benefits

Upon filing for bankruptcy on Dec. 3, the company laid off 76 workers at the Decker mine. That left 28 active union employees and nine furloughed union employees. An additional 18 non-union employees held manager or administrative positions.

But by Jan. 22, the company had stopped mining for coal and kept on only four union workers at the facility, according to court documents.

Over the last two months, the company claims it has been negotiating with the United Mine Workers of America over an amended contract agreement.

But as negotiations came to a standstill, Lighthouse Resources asked the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware on Jan. 20 for approval to reject the collective bargaining agreement struck with the union in 2012.

That would allow the coal company to shed its remaining pension and medical obligations promised to union employees.

The union, in turn, has threatened to strike.

The United Mine Workers of America requested the court block the coal company's request to exit its union contract. Union representatives outlined how negotiations with the coal firm over a new agreement had been “hollow” and not carried out in “good faith.”

"Given the current Proposal, the (United Mine Workers of America) Employees may be left with no choice but to exercise their right to strike," the union said in a Jan. 27 court filings.

"The modification of the (collective bargaining agreement) will create a substantial hardship for the (union) employees and their families who have labored for years at these facilities," the union added.

Lighthouse Resources declined to comment for this story. But in court documents, attorneys for the company defended its attempts to work with the union on finding a new deal.

"Debtors (Lighthouse Resources) have and continue to negotiate with the (the union)," the company told the court in a Jan. 29 filing. "The Debtors’ proposal is not merely a 'take-it or leave-it' rejection of the 2012 CBA (collective bargaining agreement) or a 'wish list' of changes. The proposed modifications of the CBA are needed to ensure the viability of the proposed Reclamation Trust."

In other words, the company needs to divert funds originally dedicated to workers' benefits to to the mine cleanup fund instead.

"It's just unfortunate that you're pitting workers against reclamation," said Shannon Anderson, staff attorney for the Powder River Basin Resource Council. "The company should be able to do both and fund both. They made commitments to do both."

Meanwhile, it's unclear if the company will hire back former workers to complete reclamation of the 12,000-acre surface mine.

A proposed bankruptcy plan would establish a reclamation trust to complete remediation at the mine.

When Lighthouse Resources filed for bankruptcy, it started looking for a new buyer of its coal export terminal project on the West coast. But no buyer materialized. The lack of revenue from this venture and others could mean less money for creditors, reclamation and workers at the end of the day.

Lighthouse Resources filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy at the end of last year with over $256 million in secured debt. According to court filings, Lighthouse Resources owes Big Horn County in Montana over $6.9 million, the Montana Department of Revenue more than $4.4 million and the U.S. Department of Natural Resources Revenue about $3.3 million, in addition to hundreds of creditors.

There's a history of coal companies breaking away from collective bargaining agreements after filing for bankruptcy in the region. When Westmoreland Coal Company, the owner of the Kemmerer mine in southwest Wyoming, filed for bankruptcy, it received court approval to toss out retiree obligations and the union contract in 2018.

What's more, a majority of the Powder River Basin coal mines are not unionized, leaving workers with few protections when a company goes bankrupt.

Lighthouse Resources will appear again in bankruptcy court for a hearing on February 17.

Decker mine isn't southern Montana's first coal mine closure in modern history. Bull Mountain Mine closed in 1998 before finding a new owner and reopening in 2004. It now operates as Signal Peak mine.